Some of the more common causes of neuropathy include:
Diabetes: When we eat sugar, our bodies create a substance called insulin. The insulin shuttles sugar out of the blood and into the cells for energy use. If there isn’t enough insulin to do the job (Type 1 diabetes), or we’ve become resistant to insulin (Type 2 diabetes), we must get additional insulin from an outside source. Otherwise, the excess sugar oxidizes blood vessels, much like rust corrodes metal.
The tiny nerves in your hands and feet are fed by tiny blood vessels. These blood vessels often break down faster than larger vessels and quit feeding your nerves the oxygen and nutrients they need to function. That’s why neuropathy usually manifests in the feet and hands first.
Alcohol and Nicotine: Both excessive alcohol use and nicotine cause blood vessels to constrict. Less room means less blood to the nerves those blood vessels feed. Prolonged use of these substances starves the nerves.
Genetics: There’s no telling what genes we will inherit from our parents and grandparents. It’s a grab bag of possibilities, though odds increase depending on whether the gene is dominant or recessive and if one or both parents are carriers of the gene. Among the possibilities of genetic disorders, there are degenerative diseases that attack the nervous system.
Autoimmune Disorders: Our immune systems are made up of an army of warrior cells that attack anything that doesn’t belong, like viruses, bacteria, toxins, and parasites. While some autoimmune disorders are inherited, like Hashimoto’s, others occur when the body goes into overdrive to protect us and doesn’t stop once it’s destroyed the invading foreign body.
Once there are no more bad elements to attack, the immune cells start attacking healthy cells. This often means deterioration of the myelin sheath, an insulative covering, and the nerve itself. Such disorders include lupus, multiple sclerosis, and fibromyalgia.
Trauma: Sometimes, the damage is external. An example would be surgery. As the surgeon cuts through skin to reach the tissues and bone beneath, the knife also severs nerves in the skin. You may experience pain, tingling, or numbness.
Infectious Disease: Some viruses and bacteria can cause peripheral nerve damage, like HIV or Lyme disease.
Toxins: Toxin exposure can damage many bodily systems, including the nervous system. You’ll find various industrial chemicals, biotoxins, and medications that attack the nerves. Exposure can come from groundwater near toxic dump sites, manufacturing processes, and even household chemicals when used incorrectly.
Chemotherapy: People with cancer have several options for treatment, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy drugs. All three have side effects. There are no easy choices; generally, patients are left to weigh the possible side effects against the hope of more time. Chemotherapy drugs do cause neuropathy, though doctors are trying different therapies to minimize the damage, like using cold compresses on the patient’s hands and feet to restrict blood flow to those areas during an infusion.
Nutrient Deficiencies: Your nerves require certain vitamins and minerals to function and heal. B vitamins, for example, are needed to maintain the myelin sheath surrounding the nerves.
A sharp pain treatment clinic can help you address the underlying deficiency to stop further damage (where possible) and then address the neuropathy.
Behavior: Your provider can advise you on how to prevent further damage caused by lifestyle choices.
- Diabetes: The first step is to get blood glucose levels regulated. According to the Library of Medicine, diabetes patients benefit from regular exercise as it increases the body’s sensitivity to insulin while simultaneously burning stored glycogen. Eat a balanced, low-glycemic diet: protein, healthy fats, and complex carbohydrates like whole fruit, vegetables, and grains. Finally, if you aren’t on a pump, test your glucose levels often. Make any necessary adjustments with medication as prescribed by your doctor.
- Alcohol: Red wine has been shown to reduce blood pressure, and many people enjoy drinking socially. However, drinking in excess damages your body. Suppose you have reached such a high level of toxicity that alcohol is damaging your blood vessels and nerves. In that case, the best solution is complete abstinence from any alcohol so your body can heal. If you need help, there are recovery centers and community AA programs that can help you achieve sobriety and wellness.
- Nicotine: Whether you chew, vape, or smoke, nicotine-caused neuropathy won’t improve until you quit using. There are patches and gum that help wean you off nicotine, but keep in mind that as long as you have nicotine in your system, even from the patch, your nerves continue to starve. Quitting nicotine as soon as possible will give your nerves the most healing potential. Seek help if you are having trouble getting off of nicotine.
- Nutrients: The best way to get nutrients is to eat a wide variety of fruits, vegetables, protein, and healthy fats. You can also take supplements. However, remember that some vitamins and minerals can be toxic if you take too much, as your body can’t eliminate any excess, and it builds up. Follow dosage guidelines and your provider’s instructions when dealing with nutrient deficiencies.
For the rest, dealing with the underlying cause is more complicated, but that doesn’t mean that symptom relief is out of reach.